Cost of cholera precautions—Past and future

Cholera: calamitous past, ominous future.

From the pandemics of the 19th century to the recent disaster in Goma, Zaire, cholera has left an indelible mark on human and medical history. Cholera pandemics in the 19th and 20th centuries drove the development of epidemiology as a serious science. Cholera has continued to press advances in the concepts of disease ecology, basic membrane biology, and transmembrane signaling and in the applic...

Mitigating the future impact of Cholera Epidemics

Cholera epidemics have been analysed using epidemiological models that depend on humanto-environment-to-human spread of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacteria (Koelle et al. 2004, Koelle et al. 2005). Within such a framework the vulnerable human population is the key driving variable, and mitigation of cholera outbreaks lies in both the human-to-environment domain (sanitation) and in the environmen...

Technical considerations of cholera vaccines and some results of cholera - El-Tor mass immunization

Incorporating Cholera Vaccine Herd Protection into Economic Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Models

Ignoring the indirect effects of vaccination has led to two types of inaccuracies in cholera vaccine policy analysis in endemic settings. First, when herd protection is ignored, the social benefits and cost-effectiveness of vaccination programs are underestimated, such that the programs are rarely considered to be a wise use of scarce public health resources. Once vaccine herd protection is inc...

Antimicrobial activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against Vibrio cholera

Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen that causes mild to severe diarrheal illnesses and has major public health significance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial activity of the gold nanoparticles on Vibrio cholera. Gold and Silver nanoparticles are chemically synthesized. Standard strain of Vibrio cholerawas cultured in a nutrient broth. Minimum inhibitory conc...